Everything about Walrus Ivory totally explained
Walrus tusk ivory comes from two modified upper canines. The tusks of a Pacific walrus may attain a length of one
meter. Walrus teeth are also commercially carved and traded. The average walrus tooth has a rounded, irregular peg shape and is approximately 5cm in length.
The tip of a walrus tusk has an
enamel coating which is worn away during the animal's youth. Fine longitudinal cracks, which appear as radial cracks in cross-section, originate in the cementum and penetrate the dentine. These cracks can be seen throughout the length of the tusk. Whole cross-sections of walrus tusks are generally oval with widely spaced indentations. The dentine is composed of two types: primary dentine and secondary dentine (often called osteodentine). Primary dentine has a classical ivory appearance. Secondary dentine looks marble or oatmeal-like.
Walrus ivory carving and engraving has been an important folk art for people of the
Arctic since prehistoric times. The
Inuit (
Inupiaq and
Yupik) of Greenland and North America and the
Chukchi and
Koryak of
Russia. The Chukchi and Bering Sea Yupik in particular continue to produce ivory. During
Soviet times, several walrus carving
collectives were established in villages in
Chukotka, notably
Uelen. International trade is, however, somewhat restricted by the
Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES).
Folk art of walrus ivory carving has been popular in European
Russia since the Middle Ages. Notable schools of walrus ivory carving have been developed in
Kholmogory and
Tobolsk.
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